American
Set of Mechanical Drawing Instruments, 
mid-1800s
Wood and silver
Length: 22.2 cm (8 ¾ in.)
Gift of Mrs. Adelaide F. Horton 35.782

INTRODUCTION

 

 

The History and Future of Art and Technology, According to ChatGPT-4

 

Sarah Mirseyedi and ChatGPT-4

This issue of Manual complements Process Work: Intersections of Photography and Print ca. 1825 to Today, on view at the RISD Museum February 1–July 20, 2025. This exhibition examines and complicates a history of technological advancement in art-making, focusing on photography’s inextricable relationship to the deeply human (but equally mechanical) field of printmaking in the nineteenth century. Manual 20 broadens the scope, inviting us to explore the myriad ways that artists, past and present, enlist new developments in their practices. Every time period produces its own array of advancements, and every generation of artists, writers, and thinkers must consider how to work with, or against, these new tools.

Over the next several pages of this issue, we’ve enlisted the help of one such advancement, ChatGPT-4, asking it to enact both sides of an argument about artificial intelligence and human creativity. The invention of photography plays a key role in each of these AI-generated essays, presented on the one hand as a direct predecessor to generative AI, just as paradigm-shifting and transformative, and on the other as a distinct foil to it, nestled safely in the annals of our analogue past, alongside other uncontroversial technologies such as linear perspective. 

As you read the following responses, wading through the platitudes and recycled paragraph structures, marveling at transitional adverbs that would make any fifth-grade language-arts teacher proud, pay attention to the use of words like technology, creativity, authenticity, and even artificial intelligence. ChatGPT-4 learned these terms, their importance, their meanings, from us. Let’s try to teach it some new tricks, shall we? 

TAKE 1


ChatGPT-4 prompt 
You are an art historian with more than twenty years of experience. Please write a 750-word essay in a first-person conversational tone. It should discuss how technological advances have always been central to the development of art. It should advocate for the use of AI in contemporary art-making.

 

ChatGPT-4 response
As an art historian with over two decades of immersion in the ever-evolving world of art, I’ve witnessed firsthand the indelible impact of technological innovations on artistic expression. From the pigments used in prehistoric cave paintings to the cutting-edge digital tools of today, each era’s technological advancements have profoundly shaped the art of their times. Reflecting on this progression, I am a fervent advocate for embracing artificial intelligence (AI) in contemporary art-making, seeing it not just as a new tool but as a transformative force that continues the legacy of innovation in art.

Historically, every major shift in artistic techniques and styles can be traced back to concurrent technological changes. Take, for example, the Renaissance, an era marked by scientific discovery and invention, which brought about a revolution in artistic techniques. The development of oil paint in tubes during the Industrial Revolution allowed artists like the Impressionists to paint outdoors (en plein air), capturing transient light and fleeting moments, radically breaking from the controlled studio practices of their predecessors.

Similarly, the invention of the camera in the nineteenth century challenged artists to move beyond representational portraiture and landscapes. This 
led to explorations of abstraction, expressionism, and other modernist styles, as artists like Picasso and Dali sought to represent not just what they saw, but what they felt, thought, or imagined. In these instances, technology didn’t just provide new tools; it expanded the very boundaries of what could be considered art.

Today, we stand at a similar crossroads with AI. This technology is more than just a new medium or technique—it is a paradigm shift in how art can be conceived and created. AI can analyze vast amounts of data, learn styles and aesthetics, and generate works that are both unique and reflective of complex patterns not immediately obvious to the human eye. For artists, this means an expansion of the creative landscape, where AI can serve as both a collaborator and a tool, pushing boundaries in ways that were previously unimaginable.

Critics may argue that AI in art could diminish the role of the artist or oversimplify the creative process. However, I believe that the essence of art is not threatened by AI but rather enhanced. Art has always been about expression and connection, elements that AI can augment but not replace. By integrating AI, artists can explore new realms of creativity, where machines help to materialize visions that are beyond the constraints of traditional media.

Moreover, AI democratizes art creation, making it accessible to a broader audience. With AI tools, individuals who may not have the technical skills of painting or sculpting can express themselves artistically and contribute to the cultural dialogue. This inclusivity aligns with the core purpose of art: to communicate and resonate across diverse audiences.

Furthermore, AI can play a crucial role in preserving and understanding histor­ical artworks. Through techniques like digital restoration and analysis, AI helps us uncover lost techniques and meanings in ancient artifacts, bridging past and present artistic practices. This not only deepens our understanding of art history but also inspires contemporary artists to reinterpret traditional concepts in modern contexts.

In conclusion, just as the camera did not put an end to painting but rather expanded it into new directions, AI will not replace human creativity but will enhance and extend it. We should not view AI with suspicion or fear but rather embrace it as the latest in a long line of technological advances that have driven art forward. By advocating for the integration of AI in art-making, we are not merely keeping up with technological trends—we are continuing a centuries-old tradition of innovation in art. This is a journey of collaboration between human emotion and computational power, one that promises to redefine our understanding of what art can be in this digital age.
 

Deborah Puretz
b. 1954 in United States; works in San Francisco
Out of Control #33, from the series Out of Control, 2001
Intaglio print with drawings with Tombow pens on paper
39.4 × 39.3 cm (15½ × 15½ in.)
Gift of the artist in honor of Ty August Grove 2021.136.2.1

David Kennedy Cutler
b. 1979 in Sandgate, Vermont; works in Brooklyn
Scrolling, 2015
Gesso, molding paste, and inkjet transfer on paper
80 × 54.6 cm (31 ½ × 21 ½ in.)
Museum purchase with funds from an anonymous donor 2018.93.112

TAKE 2


ChatGPT-4 prompt 
You are an art historian with more than twenty years of experience. Please write a 750-word essay in a first-person conversational tone. It should discuss how technological advances have always been central to the development of art, but AI as a creative tool should be approached with caution. While AI is a helpful tool, it should only be used to save labor, not to replace human creative expression.

 

ChatGPT-4 response
As an art historian with more than twenty years tucked under my belt, I’ve delved deeply into the intertwined evolution of technology and art. Time and again, technological advancements have not only provided new tools but have fundamentally reshaped artistic landscapes. Reflecting on this continuous transformation, I find myself both fascinated and cautious about the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in contemporary art. While I recognize AI’s potential to revolutionize, I also advocate for its use with careful consideration, especially ensuring that it supports rather than supplants human creativity.

Throughout history, art and technology have danced a delicate pas de deux. The development of perspective during the Renaissance, for instance, offered artists like Leonardo da Vinci a new way to depict reality, enriching their ability to capture the three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional canvas. In the nineteenth century, the invention of the camera prompted artists to explore beyond realistic representation, paving the way for movements like Impressionism and Surrealism. These technological shifts did not just add new tools to the artist’s kit—they expanded the very concept of what art could be.

Now, as we stand in the digital age, AI presents a new frontier. It offers tools that can analyze and recreate styles with astonishing precision and introduce novel patterns that no human mind might conceive. There’s no denying that AI can process and create at speeds and scales unimaginable to the human hand. This capability makes AI a powerful ally in reducing the drudgery of repetitive tasks and in executing complex data-driven designs that would be impractical, if not impossible, for human artists.

However, with this power comes the temptation to let AI do more than assist—to let it create. Here lies my reservation: the essence of art, the very soul of an artwork, stems from human experience. Art is a reflection of human thought, emotion, and culture. It is a means of communication through which we share our innermost perceptions and challenge our societal norms. While AI can mimic styles and generate new patterns, it lacks the capacity for emotional depth, cultural context, and personal experience that are central to creating meaningful art.

AI’s role, therefore, should be carefully circumscribed. It should serve as a tool that aids in the labor-intensive aspects of artistic creation—like rendering detailed graphics or processing large datasets for installations—while leaving the core of creativity firmly in human hands. This approach not only preserves the integrity of art as a humanistic expression but also encourages a symbiotic relationship between artist and machine.

Moreover, employing AI merely as an assistant helps mitigate another significant concern: the dilution of skill development. If AI takes over the creative process, we risk losing traditional artistic skills that have been honed over centuries. Skills like sculpting, painting, and drawing are not just techniques; they are ways of seeing, understanding, and interpreting the world. They connect us to a rich historical lineage and are essential to our cultural identity. Reducing these skills to mere hobbies or antiquated crafts in the face of advancing AI would be a profound loss.

Additionally, there’s the issue of authenticity. Art created by AI might mimic human ability, but without the authentic human touch, can it truly resonate with the depths of human emotion? The personal touch, the slight imperfections, the unique brush strokes, all contribute to the soul of an artwork. When we view a painting or a sculpture, part of the allure is knowing there is a person behind the piece—a person with a story, a life, and a world of experiences.

In conclusion, as we navigate this new era, our challenge is to leverage AI in a way that enhances rather than replaces the human creative spirit. By using AI responsibly—to relieve artists from manual tedium and to open up new possibilities without overriding the personal, creative process—we honor both the rich history of artistic innovation and the irreplaceable value of human expression. Just as the paintbrush did not make the painter, AI should not make the art. It is a tool, a means to an end, and not the end itself. This balanced approach will ensure that art remains a profound testament to human culture, even in an age dominated by machines.


Cite this article as

Chicago Style

MLA Style